The Strouhal Number: swimming and flying
Flight waveform of the Common Sheathtail Bat
“ Animals swimming or flying at cruising speed use similar ratios of stroke frequency and amplitude to forward speed. For dolphins, sharks, and bony fish moving at their preferred cruising speed, the ratio of tail frequency and amplitude to forward speed is constrained to a narrow but efficient range of values.”
The Strouhal Number in Cruising Flight
Part of style.org, a series of experimental data graphics.
(published by 13pt)